关键词: 水稻, 一次性施肥, 缓混肥, 侧深施肥

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of over-application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, higher labour/time costs for split applications of urea-N, and serious loss of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields, which are highlighted by machine-transplanted rice, based on the fertilizer-demanding disciplinarian of the high-yield rice and the principle of rice precise and quantitative cultivation technology theory, we scientifically formulate slow and controlled release fertilizers with different release rates, so that the nutrient release rules of the blended fertilizers are synchronized with the two peaks of high-yield and high-quality rice fertilizer absorption, and innovated the “controlled release blended fertilizer” that satisfied the requirement of high-yield and high- quality rice throughout the whole growth period of rice and at the same time, we combined controlled release blended fertilizer and deep and mechanical side-dressing fertilization technology to construct the “single fertilization technology of controlled release blended fertilizer for machine-transplanted rice” to achieve the effect of “fertilize once, fertilize for life” for machine-transplanted rice. The results of many years of multi-ecological sites demonstration show that this technology reduces the nitrogen rate of machine-transplanted rice by about 20%, increases the yield by more than 6%, saves 3~4 times of fertilization, and increases the taste value of rice by more than 5%, and can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrogen runoff loss, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate reaches 55%~60% of the world's advanced level. It is an economical, environmentally friendly, efficient and feasible advanced practical technology, suitable for extensive use in rice production areas with machine-transplanted conditions.

Key words: rice, one-time fertilization, controlled-release blend fertilizer, side deep fertilization